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Types of Anxiety Disorder Medication The use of medications can be a beneficial instrument to manage anxiety symptoms. Psychiatrists are trained extensively in the use of medications and are able to write appropriate prescriptions that will reduce the risk of side effects. Treatment for anxiety disorders is typically three-pronged: psychotherapy, medication and exercise. SSRIs are the most popular choice of medications for treating anxiety can take several weeks to be effective. SSRIs SSRIs are the drug that are most commonly prescribed for anxiety disorder s. Newer SSRIs have better adverse effect profiles than tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). A variety of SSRIs have been FDA-approved to treat anxiety disorders that are generalized. These include fluoxetine (aka Prozac), paraxetine, (aka Paxil), and sertraline, (aka Zoloft), as well as citalopram, (aka Celexa). These drugs boost serotonin levels in the brain. They can aid in increasing norepinephrine and BDNF. They can be used by themselves or in combination with psychotherapy. SSRIs can cause adverse effects, such as nausea and digestive problems however, they tend to improve as the body becomes used to the medication. The exact mechanism by which SSRIs work for anxiety is not fully understood. However, it is believed that they block the reuptake of serotonin from the post-synaptic neuron and increase the concentration of serotonin in the synaptic gap. This enhances the signaling across the synapses and reduces anxiety symptoms. SSRIs can decrease anxiety and the severity of panic attacks. They can also be used to treat depression as well as other mental conditions which are often linked to anxiety disorders. They can be utilized in conjunction with psychotherapy or other forms of cognitive behavior therapy, which can enhance their effectiveness. SSRIs aren't addictive, unlike other antidepressants. Nevertheless, it is important to follow the prescriptions of your doctor exactly. If you stop taking your medication suddenly, this can cause “discontinuation syndrome” and a return of anxiety symptoms. If SSRIs don't work for you, your doctor may try another class of antidepressants such as nefazodone, or mirtazapine. These drugs are also effective, but have greater risk of adverse effects than the more recent SSRIs. SSRIs can interact with certain foods, such as eggs, red meat dairy, certain fruits and vegetables. It is advised to avoid these foods if taking these medications. In addition it is generally advised that you avoid drinking alcohol while taking SSRIs because this can make it more difficult to deal with certain adverse reactions. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines increase the calming effects of certain chemicals in the brain and nervous system. They function by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter known as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that inhibits the activity of nerves. These drugs can be effective in treating anxiety, insomnia and other psychological disorders. They can be addictive and should be used only for a short time under medical supervision. They can be harmful when used recreationally, or when mixed with alcohol and other substances. When someone is suffering from anxiety disorders, they often turn to medication as their first choice. However, this is not the only option. Talk therapy or psychotherapy is also proven to be a way to reduce anxiety disorder symptoms. There are a myriad of psychotherapies, but cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most popular and efficient. This type of psychotherapy can teach you how to modify your thinking and behavior so that you don't feel stressed as much. Alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide and diazepam, clorazepate, lorazepam and quazepam are among the most common benzodiazepines. They all share the same pharmacological properties, but each has its own unique side effects characteristic. For instance, clorazepate is more effective in treating seizures than other benzodiazepines. Likewise, lorazepam is better for anxiety disorders than quazepam. Benzodiazepines are very effective but they should not be used for long periods of time because they can cause tolerance and physical dependence. In addition, they can lead to withdrawal symptoms in the event that you stop taking them abruptly, such as a pounding heart, sweating and shaking. The symptoms can be unpleasant and last for a long time. However, they can be minimized when you reduce the medication gradually. Benzodiazepines are highly addictive and should only be used only for a short period of time. Most often, it is not more than four weeks. During this time, you will need to closely monitor your blood pressure and heart rate to ensure you don't suffer an extreme withdrawal reaction. Speak to your doctor in the event that you are thinking of taking the use of a drug called benzodiazepine. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers are an type of medication that is used to treat anxiety symptoms. They block adrenaline from binding with beta receptors within the nervous system. This stops the hormone from producing physical reactions such as heart palpitations or tremors. These drugs are typically used to treat high blood pressure and other cardiovascular ailments. However they are also available off-label to treat anxiety. When you're stressed your body produces a chemical called adrenaline, which signals the body to prepare for fight or flight. Adrenaline binds with beta receptors in the heart and brain and causes your heart to beat faster and may cause other physical reactions. Beta-blockers are an class of drugs that is used to treat hypertension and other heart ailments, work by blocking the binding action of adrenaline which reduces the heart rate and blood pressure. In contrast to SSRIs and benzodiazepines that require a long time to produce a noticeable improvement in your symptoms, beta-blockers are fast-acting. They are a great option for those who need immediate relief from the symptoms of anxiety. For example, those who have to give a public speech or fly in a plane. Additionally, they are a good choice for people who suffer from anxiety as well as a chronic heart issue such as atherosclerosis or congestive cardiac failure. Although beta-blockers are effective at decreasing physical symptoms of anxiety, they don't tackle the root cause of the disorder. Therefore, they are usually prescribed as a part of a larger treatment plan that includes counseling and lifestyle changes. However, they are an option for those who have tried other anti-anxiety drugs but haven't found them to be effective or cause unacceptable side effects. There are several different types of beta-blockers such as propranolol and atenolol. Your doctor will decide which beta-blocker is best for you, based on your medical history and health condition. These medications can trigger side effects such as fatigue or low blood pressure. It is crucial to discuss treatment options with your physician. MAOIs Developed in the 1950s, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are effective antidepressants that can treat depression and anxiety disorders. They aren't as frequently employed as SSRIs and other antidepressants due the strict dietary restrictions that are required as well as the risk of drug interactions. Some MAOIs come in tablet form and can be taken orally, while others (such Emsam) are applied as a transdermal skin patch. MAOIs interfere with the actions of MAO which increases the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine within the brain. These neurotransmitters play a role in mood, sleep, appetite, and sexual function. MAOIs also have anti-anxiety effects. However, they are more likely to cause side effects than TCAs and SSRIs and come with warnings in boxes for suicide. Your doctor may prescribe additional medications or treatments to treat your symptoms, in addition to the MAOIs below. For instance, a beta-blocker (such as propranolol) is usually prescribed to alleviate physical symptoms of anxiety. Your doctor might suggest relaxation techniques or other treatments at home to ease your symptoms. Iproniazid was the first MAOI discovered in 1952 during research on tuberculosis. It was later discovered to have mood-enhancing properties and is believed to be the first antidepressant medication. Generally, MAOIs are only used when other antidepressants don't work, as they may cause serious adverse reactions that require immediate medical attention. If you take an MAOI and consume foods containing the chemical tyramine that is found that is found in many red meats, cheeses, fish, shellfish, and some dietary supplements, it can trigger an unintentional reaction that results in high blood pressure. The symptoms of this serious reaction include nausea, throbbing headaches vomiting, as well as a fast heart rate. MAOIs can also interact other medications and cause serious adverse effects, including suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Your doctor will discuss your dietary needs with you before prescribing MAOIs. He or she will advise you to avoid eating foods that contain tyramine while you are taking the medication. He or she might also provide you with the list of foods that are safe to eat when taking MAOIs. The food guide provided will help to prevent MAOI-related adverse effects.